Calculating IOA
Interobserver agreement (IOA) indicates the percentage of agreement between two or more observers recording the same event. It is important in assessing the integrity of data collection. IOA is most commonly used when training a new observer, periodically to increase…
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO)
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) is a procedure in which reinforcement is delivered dependent on the absence of the target behavior (Conyers, Miltenberger, Romaniuk, Kopp, & Himle, 2003). DRO results in a decrease in the identified target behavior because…
Behavior Cusps
Successful behavior analytic programming focuses on the implementation of evidence-based procedures to address socially significant behaviors. Behavioral cusps is a behavior change that has consequences beyond the change itself. Rosales-Ruiz & Baer (1997) As practitioners of applied behavior analysis, we…
Behavior Cusps vs. Pivotal Behaviors
Behavior cusps and pivotal behaviors are common concepts that are sometimes falsely interchanged. While they can be interchanged correctly in some situations, not all behavior cusps are pivotal behaviors, and vice versa. Because of this, we decided to clarify the…
Changing Criterion Design
Changing Criterion Design – analyzes the effects of an independent variable across multiple behaviors/settings/participants (dependent variable) without having to withdraw the treatment. Types of Changing Criterion Design Increasing rates of behavior Decreasing rates of behavior Guidelines Length of phases: should…
Multiple Baseline Design
Multiple Baseline Design – analyzes the effects of an independent variable across multiple behaviors/settings/participants (dependent variable) without having to withdraw the treatment. Types of Multiple Baselines Multiple baseline across behaviors Multiple baseline across settings Multiple baseline across participants Other variations…
Alternating Treatments Design
Alternating treatments design (i.e., multielement design) – the rapid alternation of comparing two or more treatments (i.e., independent variable) while measuring the effects on the target behavior (i.e., dependent variable). Types of ATD Single-phase without a no-treatment control condition Single-phase…
Reversal/Withdrawal Design
Reversal/Withdrawal Design – repeated measures of behavior between two treatments (reversal) or a treatment and baseline (withdrawal) Distinction between reversal and withdrawal Reversal Design: reversing between treatments (e.g., baseline, treatment, NCR, treatment, NCR, treatment, etc.) Withdrawal Design: reversing between treatment…
Creating a Study Plan
The August exam window is fast approaching, which might stress you out. Having the right study plan, you’ll pass the exam with flying colors. With a few months to really dig in, now is the time to really immerse yourself…
